Containerized BESS Fire Protection

A full product range from station level, cabin level and cluster level to PACK level — engineered as one interlocked system for 20-ft battery energy storage containers.

Five subsystems, one protection chain

Every container solution combines the same five building blocks, configured to the battery chemistry, rack layout and local code requirements of your project.

Fire alarm control system

ESS fire alarm control panel with backup power, printer and configurable logic linking every detector and device in the container.

Gas extinguishing system

Cluster-level electric control valves and PACK-level nozzles deliver atomized FK-5-1-12 directly into battery modules.

Combustible gas detection

H₂/CO/smoke/heat composite detectors at PACK level catch cell venting before ignition.

Ventilation system

Explosion-proof intake and exhaust fans purge leaked combustible gas below explosive concentration.

Water spray system

Secondary water-mist connection for sustained cooling if agent discharge cannot contain the event.

Pressure relief

Mechanical pressure-relief ports and electric push-rod blowout valves manage internal pressure rise.

PACK-level protection: three configurations

At PACK level — the level where thermal runaway starts — three detection and suppression layouts are available.

Implantable

Micro-detectors placed flexibly inside the battery pack. The most adaptable option for complex internal layouts.

Covered

Active, full-coverage detection with higher detection density and the most sustained cooling of the three options.

Centralized

Centralized multi-dimensional detection with the lowest construction and retrofit difficulty for existing containers.

PACK-level solutions provide accurate positioning detection, accurate cooling and suppression, early warning and early disposal — preventing disasters where possible and reducing losses and impact where not.

Suppression sequence in a container event

  1. Detection

    PACK-level composite detectors (H₂/CO/smoke/heat) identify the affected battery cluster and provide positioning information.

  2. Cluster injection

    The fire control host opens the solenoid valve on top of the affected cluster; atomized FK-5-1-12 is injected into each battery module of that cluster at an optimized 4%–6% volume concentration.

  3. Pulsed re-injection

    Per control-system parameters, the device discharges intermittently in circulation to continuously inhibit fire spread inside the container.

  4. Secondary water mist

    If large-area thermal runaway is not suppressed after full agent discharge, the secondary water solenoid valve opens and fire water floods the affected cluster through the suppression main's spray piping.

Why suppression must address re-ignition

Lithium battery thermal runaway proceeds in stages: SEI decomposition and internal temperature rise from 90–100 °C, separator melt and internal short circuit around 135 °C, then violent decomposition of cathode and electrolyte producing high temperature and toxic gases. Flammable hydrocarbon gases release at 250–350 °C. Because residual heat remains in the cells after any single discharge, suppression must remove heat continuously — which is why our system uses pump-driven atomized FK-5-1-12 and programmable pulsed discharge instead of a one-shot pressure release.

See the suppression unit specifications

Reference projects at GWh scale

Our energy storage references include a 1 GWh DC-side project and multiple 400–800 MWh stations.

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